Network engineers and network administrators are considered to be common positions in the IT field, and both could hold a lot of clouts. While it is possible that the jobs sound similar in descriptions and functions and would have some real overlap in responsibilities, but they are different. In general, the network engineer would be responsible for the design and development of a computer network whereas a network administrator would be responsible for ensuring and maintaining the network once it has been developed. The terms network engineer and network architecture may be utilized interchangeably. A network administrator, on the other hand, is typically considered to be differentiated from engineers and architects. As in any field, a title is considered to be less important than the specifics of the job description. The larger the company, the more specific would be the job. The smaller a company, the more duties would be assigned to one single job. Also, to become one, you will need to have a good IT Certification, for which you could opt the training offered at a good and reliable training center such as SPOTO Club. Network Engineer Roles and Responsibilities The first part of a network engineer role must do is to gain the understanding, at a macro level, the structure as well as network necessities of the entire organization. Armed with this knowledge, the network engineer should be then designed and maintain any network that would be supporting the company lifecycle as well as growth opportunities. A network engineer might need to analyze what is working and what is not to search for the room for improvement – all while working within a predetermined budget. Roles and responsibilities which are common for a network engineer would include: Design and implement both the physical and wireless networks, including those for computer communications and telecommunications Maintain network performance Manage the electronic equipment that activates any network pieces Troubleshoot network problems Research and integrate new technologies into the network lifecycle Interface with network administrators to manage or assist problems Job Requirements An ideal network engineer would often need, at minimum, a BS or MS in a computer-related field like computer science, computer engineer, or programming. Some employees would also prefer an MBA in information systems. Hands-on experience, particularly in IT systems or network administration is always considered helpful for a candidate. Network Administrator Roles and Responsibilities The network administrator role is considered to be as a pick up where the network engineer’s responsibilities would have ended. Whereas the engineer focuses on lifecycle network implementation, the daily operations and maintenance (O&M) of the network would be often falling to the network admin. Still, the administrator’s role is considered to be a proactive one, helping prevent security comprises before they would happen, instead of reacting afterward. The depth and breadth of a network administrator’s responsibilities could be depended on the size of the organization. In larger organizations, one or several network administrators could share the roles and responsibilities, mentioned below: Monitor and maintain computer infrastructure, particularly emphasizing: On-site servers Interactions between the network and the software Network resilience and integrity Test networks for potential sites of compromise or weaknesses Stay abreast of necessary updates Implement security programs with software and hardware In smaller organizations, a network admin would be also responsible for: Procure new hardware Roll out new software Manage email and internet filters Maintain disk images for new installs Ensure licenses are current Address poor data management practices Job Requirements While a BS in a computer-related field is considered to be very helpful, it might not be necessary for a network admin role. Many organizations would prefer to have specific training and certifications alongside the relevant hands-on experience. Common training and certifications for network administrators could include Juniper, Cisco, Brocade Certified Network Engineer, Microsoft, and Red Hat. Thus, if you wish to have this role, you should check out the IT Courses, which are being offered at the SPOTO Club for better chances to gain this Role.

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol designed to prevent broadcast loops and ensure a loop-free network topology by selectively enabling or disabling redundant links. By monitoring the network and tracking all links, STP shuts down the least redundant connections, ensuring efficient data flow and avoiding potential network storms caused by broadcast loops. Root Bridge Election Process:  In a Spanning Tree topology, one switch is elected as the root bridge, responsible for distributing Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) and blocking the least redundant ports. The election process works as follows: Initially, all switches declare themselves as the root bridge and start exchanging their own BPDUs. The switch with the lowest Bridge ID (a combination of priority and MAC address) is considered superior. Switches receiving a superior BPDU update their own BPDU with the superior Bridge ID as the root Bridge ID. This process continues until all switches agree on the switch with the lowest Bridge ID as the root bridge. Types of Spanning Tree Protocols: 802.1D (Common Spanning Tree - CST): The original IEEE standard that elects a single root bridge for the entire topology. All traffic flows through the best path to the root bridge, but this may not always be the optimal path for specific VLANs. Convergence time is relatively slow (32 seconds). Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (PVST+): A Cisco proprietary standard that finds a separate root bridge for each VLAN, providing better optimization and load balancing compared to CST. However, it still has a slow convergence time (50 seconds by default on Cisco switches). Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP - 802.1w): An IEEE standard that provides faster convergence than CST while maintaining a single root bridge for the topology. It requires more bridge resources than CST but fewer than PVST+. Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus (RPVST+): A Cisco proprietary standard that combines the benefits of PVST+ (separate instances per VLAN) and RSTP (faster convergence). It requires significant CPU and memory resources. Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP - 802.1s): An IEEE standard that groups VLANs and runs RSTP for each group, providing load balancing and redundancy while reducing resource usage compared to RPVST+. Choosing the appropriate STP protocol depends on factors such as network size, redundancy requirements, available resources, and the need for load balancing or optimal path selection for specific VLANs. To ensure a robust and efficient network infrastructure, it is crucial to understand and properly configure the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) based on your organization's unique requirements. Seek guidance from certified professionals or reputable training providers to master STP implementation and optimize your network's performance and reliability.

Getting IT certification can not only prove your networking skills but also boost salary and advance your career! If you want to pass IT exams easily, get SPOTO 100% real exam practice tests as the best study materials for a single success! This post will introduce SPOTO latest exam & dump info and passing report from Oct.5th to 12th. Download SPOTO 100% Real Exam Practice Tests to Get IT Certified in 1St Try! Also, the special offer ends on Oct. 18! Contact us for the limited time offer! 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While Macs are often considered less vulnerable to viruses and malware compared to Windows machines, the risks are increasing, and it's essential to have robust virus protection for your Apple device. In 2024, the threat landscape will continue to evolve, making it crucial to choose the best antivirus software that can effectively detect and remove viruses, malware, and other cybersecurity threats targeting macOS. The Top Mac Antivirus Solutions for 2024: Bitdefender Antivirus for Mac Bitdefender Antivirus for Mac is a top-rated virus protection suite known for its accuracy and comprehensive features. It offers multi-layer ransomware protection, adware removal, and the ability to scan for Windows PC malware, ensuring comprehensive security for your Mac. Intego Mac Internet Security X9 With over 20 years of experience in protecting Macs, Intego Mac Internet Security X9 is a specialist in macOS security. It comes with an antivirus engine that scans for the latest Mac threats, as well as Windows and Unix malware, and includes a full firewall for managing network permissions. Kaspersky Internet Security for Mac Kaspersky, a well-regarded name in the antivirus industry, offers Internet Security for Mac, a comprehensive solution with a range of features. It provides protection against ransomware, parental controls, and tools to ensure secure online shopping and banking. However, the abundance of features may make the interface slightly cumbersome to navigate. Norton 360 for Mac Norton, a trusted name in cybersecurity, offers Norton 360 for Mac, which combines antivirus protection with a comprehensive suite of security features. It includes real-time protection against viruses, malware, and online threats, as well as cloud backup, a VPN, and dark web monitoring. McAfee Total Protection for Mac McAfee Total Protection for Mac is a robust antivirus solution that offers real-time scanning, malware protection, and web security features. It includes a firewall, parental controls, and the ability to secure your online banking and shopping activities. Choosing the best virus protection for your Mac in 2024 will depend on your specific needs and preferences. Consider factors such as the level of protection offered, additional security features, performance impact, and user-friendliness when making your decision. To further enhance your knowledge and skills in the realm of cybersecurity and Mac systems, consider pursuing relevant certifications. SPOTO, a renowned IT training provider, offers comprehensive training programs and resources for various certifications, including those related to Mac and cybersecurity. Their expert instructors and high-quality study materials can help you gain a deeper understanding of virus protection and security best practices for Mac devices. Remember, staying proactive and keeping your antivirus software up-to-date is crucial in protecting your Mac from the ever-evolving cyber threats. By investing in the best virus protection and continuously expanding your knowledge, you can safeguard your Mac and ensure a secure computing experience in 2024 and beyond.

Access control lists, their function, as well as proper implementation,  are going to be covered in Cisco exams, but the concepts, as well as deployment strategies, are also covered in certifications like Security + as well as CISSP. Herein, we would be investigating and define the different types of access control lists as well as examining some deployment concepts, especially the “why” we utilize them and the “when” we would be utilizing. This would be focused on the implementation of Cisco routers, specific designs for permitting and denying services and venture into the world of firewalls. Before we talk about the Access Control List, you should consider joining the SPOTO Club, to have a better understanding of the same. What are Access Control Lists? Access Control Lists are a network filter which would be utilized by routers and some switches to permit and restrict data flows into and out of network interfaces. When an Access Control List is configured on an interface, the network device analyzes data passing through the interface, compares it to the criteria described in the Access Control List, and either permits the data to flow or prohibits it. Why Do We Use Access Control Lists? There are a variety of reasons we use Access Control Lists. The primary reason would be to provide a basic level of security for the network. Access Control Lists aren’t considered as the complex and in-depth of protection as stateful firewalls, but they wouldn’t be providing protection on higher speed interfaces where line rate speed is important and firewalls may be restrictive. Access Control Lists are also used to restrict updates for routing from network peers and can be instrumental in defining flow control for network traffic. When do we use Access Control Lists? As I mentioned before, Access Control Lists for routers are not as complex or robust as stateful firewalls, but they would be offering a significant amount of firewall capability. As an IT network or security professional, placement of your defenses is considered to be critical to protecting the network, its assets, and data. Access Control Lists should be placed on external routers to filter traffic against less desirable networks and known vulnerable protocols. One of the most common methods, in this case, is to set up a DMZ, or demilitarized buffer zone in your network. This architecture is normally would be implemented with two separate network devices. What Does an Access Control List Consist Of? Regardless of what routing platform you would be utilizing, all have a similar profile for defining an access control list. More advanced lists would be having more distinct control, but the general guidelines are mentioned below: Access control list name, which would be depending on the router. It could be numeric or a combination of letters and numbers. A term name or sequence number for each entry A statement of denial or permission for that entry A network protocol as well as associated function or ports Examples include IP, IPX, ICMP, TCP, UDP, NETBIOS and many others Destination as well as Source targets These are typically addresses and can be defined as a single discrete address, a range or subnet, or all addresses Additional flags or identifiers These additional statements request additional functions when a match is found for the statement. These flags would be varying for each protocol but a common flag would be added to statements is the log feature that records any match to the statement into the router log. So, if you wish to have more details about the Access Control Lists, you could have it on the courses, which are being offered at the SPOTO Club.